پیشنهاد چیزی که واقعاً بشود انجامش داد
| انگلیسی | فارسی | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| scheme /skiːm/ |
طرح | The scheme was never funded. طرح هرگز بودجه نگرفت. |
| incentive /ɪnˈsentɪv/ |
انگیزه، مشوق | People need an incentive, not a leaflet. مردم مشوق می‌خواهند، نه بروشور. |
| enforce /ɪnˈfɔːs/ |
اجرا کردن (قانون) | A rule nobody enforces is not a rule. قاعده‌ای که کسی اجرا نکند قاعده نیست. |
| feasible /ˈfiːzəbl/ |
شدنی، عملی | Is that feasible on this budget? با این بودجه شدنی است؟ |
| roll out /ˌrəʊl ˈaʊt/ |
گسترش دادن، اجرای سراسری | Roll it out district by district. منطقه به منطقه گسترشش بده. |
| uptake /ˈʌpteɪk/ |
میزان استقبال | Uptake was under ten per cent. استقبال زیر ده درصد بود. |
| subsidy /ˈsʌbsədi/ |
یارانه | A small subsidy changed behaviour overnight. یارانه‌ای کوچک یک‌شبه رفتار را عوض کرد. |
| stopgap /ˈstɒpɡæp/ |
راه‌حل موقت | It is a stopgap, not a fix. راه‌حل موقت است، نه درمان. |
Proposing: modality, scope and the answered objection
پاسخِ مسئله-راه‌حل در B2 چهار بخش دارد و هر بخش گرامر خودش را. بیان مسئله با حال کامل، چون داری چیزی را توصیف می‌کنی که انباشته شده و هنوز برقرار است: «Collection has never been funded»، «Uptake has remained under ten per cent.» گذشتهٔ ساده اینجا القا می‌کند مسئله تمام شده. پیشنهاد با وجهیتِ درجه‌بندی‌شده نه با امرِ برهنه. قوی‌ترین: we should / we need to / what is needed is. میانه: one option would be to…، it would make sense to… ضعیف‌ترین، و اغلب متقاعدکننده‌ترین در اتاقی خصمانه: it might be worth -ing، there may be a case for -ing. پیشنهادی که خیلی قوی باشد دعوت به دعواست؛ آنکه خیلی ضعیف باشد دعوت به هیچ. محدودکردن دامنه — همین حرکت است که پیشنهاد واقعی را از آرزو جدا می‌کند. از rather than، before، in the first instance، as a starting point استفاده کن: «Start with one district rather than the whole city»، «Prove it works there before promising it everywhere.» پاسخ به اعتراض پیش از آنکه مطرح شود، با admittedly، it is true that، of course، granted و در پی‌اش but یا however: «Admittedly this would be slower. It would, however, be the first version anyone actually finished.»
A B2 problem-solution answer has four parts, and each has its own grammar. STATE THE PROBLEM in the present perfect, because you are describing something that has built up and still stands: "Collection has never been funded", "Uptake has remained under ten per cent." The past simple here would suggest the problem is over. PROPOSE with graded modality rather than a bare imperative. Strongest: we should / we need to / what is needed is. Middle: one option would be to…, it would make sense to… Weakest, and often the most persuasive in a hostile room: it might be worth -ing, there may be a case for -ing. A proposal that is too strong invites a fight; one that is too weak invites nothing. LIMIT THE SCOPE — this is the move that separates a real proposal from a wish. Use rather than, before, in the first instance, as a starting point: "Start with one district rather than the whole city", "Prove it works there before promising it everywhere." ANSWER THE OBJECTION before it is raised, using admittedly, it is true that, of course, granted, followed by but or however: "Admittedly this would be slower. It would, however, be the first version anyone actually finished."
پرسش‌های چهارگزینه‌ای، تمرین گفتار با تلفظ‌سنجی، و ضبط صدا و ویدیوی خودت برای مرور فردا.
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